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西安進(jìn)口不鏽鋼需要注意的問(wèn)題
日期：2025-05-08 06:31
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摘要：<p style="margin:0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">西安</span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">進(jìn)口不鏽鋼需要注意的問(wèn)題</span> </span>
</p>
<p style="margin:0pt;">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的不鏽鋼材料分進(jìn)口與國(guó)產(chǎn)兩種，國(guó)產(chǎn)材料，由於使用的是歐洲（</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">ISO</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">）體係，用成分表示，比較直觀，不容易發(fā)生問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在我們重點(diǎn)談?wù)勥M(jìn)口不鏽鋼的一些需要注意的問(wèn)題： </span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">1<span style="font-family:宋體;">、材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn) </span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">現(xiàn)在，我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的進(jìn)口不鏽鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有美國(guó)</span>ASME<span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">SA240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">A240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以及日本</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">SUS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">；經(jīng)常使用的牌號(hào)為</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">316L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等。下麵以</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來(lái)說(shuō)明它們的表示方法：</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中材料，表示比較簡(jiǎn)單，就是</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">SUS304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">這樣表示；</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">ASME</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">及</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的表示有幾種：</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">SA240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">SA240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">A240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">A240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，實(shí)際上，中間加</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">與加</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">TP</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的意思是一樣的。我們提到前麵有</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的材料，其中</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為後綴，表示含碳量較低；經(jīng)?？梢钥吹降倪€有</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，表示含碳量較高，主要使用在溫度較高的場(chǎng)合；另外常見(jiàn)的還有</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，表示加元素</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，提高強(qiáng)度。有時(shí)候，我們還可以在後麵見(jiàn)到：</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等後綴，這些後綴表示的是材料的表麵狀態(tài)；</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋後，表麵較好，達(dá)到鏡麵要求的</span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼板</span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">；</span>2D<span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋後，表麵一般的鋼板；</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋表麵。 </span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2<span style="font-family:宋體;">、關(guān)於材料的代用 </span></span>
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<p style="margin:0pt;">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">在許多人心目中，材料</span>“<span style="font-family:宋體;">以高代低、以厚代薄</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是天經(jīng)地義的事情，不需要多管，實(shí)際上這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，下麵我們以</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：一般來(lái)看，</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">比</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有更低的含碳量，更好的耐腐蝕性，因此可以代替</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料使用。確實(shí)</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">滿足</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的要求，而且比</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">更好，好像可以自動(dòng)替代</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，但從力學(xué)性能看，</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的強(qiáng)度比</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">高，當(dāng)按</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，用</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">替代，就會(huì)造成強(qiáng)度不夠；另外，在我國(guó)壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">GB150-1998</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">中</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">4.1.6</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">條規(guī)定：奧氏體不鏽鋼的使用溫度高於</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">525</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">℃</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">時(shí)，鋼中含碳量應(yīng)不小於</span>0.04%<span style="font-family:宋體;">。因此，認(rèn)為</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">可以代替</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，能不能使用與使用場(chǎng)合有關(guān)，而且按照容規(guī)規(guī)定，我們都冇有權(quán)進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">“</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，隻有原設(shè)計(jì)部門(mén)才可以有權(quán)進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的工作。</span></span>
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西安進(jìn)口不鏽鋼需要注意的問(wèn)題
西安使用的不鏽鋼材料分進(jìn)口與國(guó)產(chǎn)兩種，國(guó)產(chǎn)材料，由於使用的是歐洲（ISO）體係，用成分表示，比較直觀，不容易發(fā)生問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在我們重點(diǎn)談?wù)勥M(jìn)口不鏽鋼的一些需要注意的問(wèn)題：
1、材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
現(xiàn)在，我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的進(jìn)口不鏽鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有美國(guó)ASME標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SA240、ASTM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的A240以及日本JIS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SUS；經(jīng)常使用的牌號(hào)為304、304L、316L等。下麵以304為例來(lái)說(shuō)明它們的表示方法：JIS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中材料，表示比較簡(jiǎn)單，就是SUS304這樣表示；ASME及ASTM的表示有幾種：SA240-304、SA240TP304、A240-304、A240TP304，實(shí)際上，中間加-與加TP的意思是一樣的。我們提到前麵有304L的材料，其中L為後綴，表示含碳量較低；經(jīng)常可以看到的還有H，表示含碳量較高，主要使用在溫度較高的場(chǎng)合；另外常見(jiàn)的還有N，表示加元素N，提高強(qiáng)度。有時(shí)候，我們還可以在後麵見(jiàn)到：2B，No.1等後綴，這些後綴表示的是材料的表麵狀態(tài)；2B表示熱軋加冷軋後，表麵較好，達(dá)到鏡麵要求的鋼板；2D表示熱軋加冷軋後，表麵一般的鋼板；No.1表示熱軋表麵。
2、關(guān)於材料的代用
在許多人心目中，材料“以高代低、以厚代薄”是天經(jīng)地義的事情，不需要多管，實(shí)際上這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，下麵我們以304、304L、304H為例來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：一般來(lái)看，304L比304有更低的含碳量，更好的耐腐蝕性，因此可以代替304材料使用。確實(shí)304L滿足304的要求，而且比304更好，好像可以自動(dòng)替代304，但從力學(xué)性能看，304的強(qiáng)度比304L高，當(dāng)按304設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，用304L替代，就會(huì)造成強(qiáng)度不夠；另外，在我國(guó)壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB150-1998中4.1.6條規(guī)定：奧氏體不鏽鋼的使用溫度高於525℃時(shí)，鋼中含碳量應(yīng)不小於0.04%。因此，認(rèn)為304L可以代替304使用的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，能不能使用與使用場(chǎng)合有關(guān)，而且按照容規(guī)規(guī)定，我們都冇有權(quán)進(jìn)行“材料代用”，隻有原設(shè)計(jì)部門(mén)才可以有權(quán)進(jìn)行"材料代用"的工作。
